EGE 11 класс

Вариант №20

1. Аудирование: сопоставление высказываний

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A‑F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1‑7. Используйте каждое утверждение только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение.

  • 1. Clear instructions at work are very important.
  • 2. Personal discussions in the office can distract from work.
  • 3. It is important to think about gender differences in office work.
  • 4. Employees' health must be the top priority for office managers.
  • 5. A positive atmosphere is important at work.
  • 6. Effective communication is important both for employers and employees.
  • 7. Team spirit is the key to success for both the office and its employees.
A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

2. Аудирование: True/False/Not stated

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений A‑G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу.

A. Mary's mother is not interested in Robin Hood.
B. A vintage inn is an average countryside pub.
C. Food prices in a vintage inn are rather high.
D. Vintage inns offer only traditional British cuisine.
E. Vintage inns are often close to local sights.
F. The level of service can vary in different vintage inns.
G. Mary has a map of vintage inns.

3. Аудирование: выбор ответа

Вы услышите текст. В заданиях 3–9 запишите номер правильного варианта (1, 2 или 3). В каждом задании выберите один правильный ответ.

3. Why did Helen change her original name?
4. Which tradition, according to Helen, is still alive in Navaho lifestyle?
5. How does Helen characterize her family?
6. What is Helen's opinion about keeping Navaho traditions?
7. What does Helen say about her knowledge of the Navaho language?
8. Which of the following weekend activities does Helen NOT mention as her habit?
9. What does Helen dream of visiting?

4. Чтение: сопоставление заголовков

Установите соответствие между текстами A‑G и заголовками 1‑8. Один заголовок лишний. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

Тексты A‑G
A.

The strongest sense for dogs is smell. In comparison to humans, dogs have almost 25% more scent receptors. As a result, dogs have an excellent sense of smell. Just as many humans rely on their sense of sight to navigate, dogs rely on their sense of smell to understand and explore their surroundings. Dogs can smell scents about 100,000 times more acutely than humans, which is surprising indeed. Because of their acute and accurate sense of smell, some breeds of dog are unique indeed.

B.

The word "dog" refers to a species of animals within the canine family. Dogs typically live within households and are owned by people as pets or as working dogs, which makes them domestic for the most part. There are some very friendly dogs that are great for families with children of all ages. Since dogs can pick up scents that humans cannot detect, they are also valuable additions to law enforcement teams, where they perform activities like smelling for drugs and weapons.

C.

While most dogs, by today's standards, would be considered to be of the domestic variety, there are many different species of canines that live in the wild and are feral. Some examples of feral dogs are coyotes, wolves, jackals and dingoes. These feral species can be found throughout the world in some parts of North America, Africa, Asia and Europe. In some cases, these dogs are dangerous to humans. Canines like wolves and coyotes are often a nuisance to farmers and livestock.

D.

Although pit bulls, German shepherds and rottweilers are often considered the most aggressive breeds of dog, any dog of any breed can be aggressive. Research shows that training and socialization are more important than breed in predicting aggression. According to the Smithsonian Institution, most researchers report that any puppy can grow into an aggressive dog in future. Dominance-based training methods are very often linked to increased aggressive behaviours.

E.

While any dog breed or mix can be affectionate, some breeds, such as retrievers, have a reputation for being extra friendly. Other dogs like huskies require a little more interaction and attention in order to earn their affection, which gives them a less-affectionate reputation. All dogs require attention and the proper training and care. German shepherds, for example, are so caring and affectionate of their owners that they experience separation anxiety when left alone for too long.

F.

Those who prefer small dogs often choose breeds, such as Spitz, Maltese and toy poodle, which all typically weigh less than 5 pounds. Many of these breeds are referred to as "toy" versions of a particular breed. Breeders selectively breed small or toy-sized dogs to create even smaller dogs that they classify as teacup size. The Yorkshire dogs, commonly known as Yorkies, were bred to be rat hunters. Even with their small stature, Yorkies may try to pick fights with larger dogs.

G.

The most common criterion for measuring intelligence in dogs is how easy the dog is to train. Researchers look at how quickly the dog can figure out what the trainer is asking for, how likely the dog is to repeat the action, how many commands the dog can learn and how long it can retain a learned command without reinforcement. However, these results can be skewed by the different ways some breeds interact with people. The most intelligent breeds of dog are working breeds.

5. Чтение: восстановление текста

Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски A‑F частями предложений 1‑7. Одна часть лишняя. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

Zaryadye Park in Moscow

For its 870th birthday, Moscow got a gift that will keep on giving - Zaryadye Park. Zaryadye Park is the newest and the most modern park of Moscow. It is the city's first large- scale park in 50 years, A____ perhaps transform the international perception of Russia's capital.

The amazing 35- acre park, B____ samples the country's distinct regional landscapes: steppes, tundra, wetlands and forests. They are all beautifully set not far from the Kremlin and Red Square. Apart from the 70- metre- high "floating" bridge over the Moskva River, the park features an amphitheater, five pavilions, and a concert hall.

The park stands in the historic district and on the former site of the old Soviet hotel, C____ The initial idea was to turn the site into a retail complex, D____ a new public green space instead.

Harmonizing urban life and nature, the architects created E____ Zaryadye Park will be perfect for a short period of rest among its 750 gardens. Visitors can also enjoy a spectacular view from the "floating bridge", explore Moscow with a multimedia flight simulator and walk through an ice cave. Apart from being an exceptional architectural project and a futuristic public space, some people expect F____ on Moscow and Russia in general.

6. Чтение: выбор ответа

Прочитайте текст. В заданиях 12–18 запишите номер правильного варианта (1, 2, 3 или 4). В каждом задании выберите один правильный ответ.

Online learning

I graduated with academic honours without ever meeting my professors, embarking on an all-nighter with classmates and, technically, never having gone to a class at all. I was an online-only student, and as online degree programmes grow in popularity, my past three years of study were a crash-course in the unique challenges of learning online, as well as a glimpse into what the future of higher education might look like.

My school day looked very different than most: rather than loading up my backpack and heading to class, I would wake up, eat breakfast while doing my first round of schoolwork for the day, and spend a few hours finishing assignments. Then, I'd head off to work, maybe tucking in a study session during lunch before wrapping up homework or preparing for exams in the evening. Saturday and Sunday became two of my busiest school days and I became an expert at working everywhere from my desk to the car.

Some of my most vivid undergraduate memories were of completing a term paper on the floor backstage at the ballet performance I was managing, and stumbling home after a full day of work to begin school that evening. Just like traditional universities, I had papers, exams, and grades — only, there were no office hours and no such thing as sick days.

Enrolment in online learning programmes has grown over the past few years, with more than a quarter of students enrolled in at least one online course. But too many misconceptions still persist around the experience of being an online-only student — for example, that an online degree doesn't carry the same level of prestige as a traditional one. By contrast, online learning enabled me to hone skills such as self-motivation and time management that ultimately made me a better student, and later, a more prepared young adult.

There are differences between traditional university time management, and the commitment required to study online. You attend an in-person class for a select period of time in which you are entirely focused on that subject. In an online programme, you must be able to self-motivate and manage multiple courses in the limited time that you are able to provide for yourself. Although online study may eliminate the social aspect of in-person education, it can counter that loss through the ability to increase personal productivity.

With no set class hours, an online student defines their own schedule, a significant reason why so many working students are drawn to online degree programmes. Given that about 70% of students work while attending school and that students in the USA and the UK want more flexibility than ever from their education, gone are the days of a "typical" university experience.

In terms of academic tradition, it is important to point out that distance learning is hardly new, although developments in technology are recent. The concept of higher learning through "correspondence courses" is more than 170 years old, and with the addition of modern technology and desire for increased flexibility, is an inarguable part of the future of universities.

I may not have spent afternoons sprawled out on the campus quad, but my online experience added more things to my education than it subtracted. As the world changes rapidly and the workforce evolves with it, options like online learning create fabulous opportunities for students to take charge of what their learning and life will look like. What more can we ask from education, really?

12. Which is true about the author's study course?
13. The verb tucking in in 'maybe tucking in a study session during lunch' (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to...
14. What does the author remember most about his studies?
15. According to the article, online learning programmes...
16. The phrase that loss in 'it can counter that loss though' (paragraph 5) most probably refers to...
17. What is the author's opinion of online education?
18. The author asks a question at the end of the article to show that...

7. Грамматика: преобразование форм

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19‑24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19‑24.

Everyone wants a shiny smile

The perfect smile has created a multi-billion-dollar industry, but not all is shiny in this business. Dentists say that illegal whitening is putting people at risk of health problems, including burnt gums, lips and lost 19__. Statistics show a 26% increase in complaints 20__ year from people with problems from whitening. Many of them used services of unqualified specialists.

A cold nose

Now we know why a dog's nose is cold. Scientists 21__ to solve this mystery for many years. The scientists believe dogs' noses are cold because dogs sense the temperature of things without touching them. They use their noses to detect temperature, when prey is nearby. Earlier it 22__ that dogs' noses are cold to control their body temperature. Researchers did experiments on dogs, which had to detect the temperature of different objects. Brain activity in the dogs showed that they 23__ which objects were warmer than others. So dogs adjust their behaviour according to the thermal radiation coming from warm bodies. A researcher said this 24__ in the future scientists' ideas on how animals hunt. Many animals may use heat-sensing abilities to hunt.

8. Грамматика: словообразование

Прочитайте текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25‑29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.

The 'Chicken or Egg' question

Which came first, the chicken or the egg? Believe it or not, this question has its roots in ancient Greece, where 25__ used it as an excuse to argue about cause and effect. Some might say the chicken came first. Others may 26__ that the egg came first since all chickens begin life inside of an egg. The question has a rather simple answer if you talk to an ancient egg expert. Basically, the egg is much older than the chicken. Chickens probably were kept by people starting about 10,000 years ago. The animals they come from are known as jungle chicken and date back 21 million years. 27__, right? The earliest eggs were soft, sort of like turtle or echidna eggs you might see on the beach. The harder 28__ shell came later. By the way, egg-laying is part of our evolutionary 29__. (DEVELOP) In other words, if you go back far enough in time, humans have ancestors that would have laid eggs. Now, here's a question for you — which came first, the egg or the

9. Лексика: заполнение пропусков

Прочитайте текст. В заданиях 30–36 выберите один правильный вариант из четырёх предложенных.

At the hospital

I was in the hospital for four nights. Mark stayed with me almost the whole time, bringing me sodas when I asked for them, and a razor, and a toothbrush, and a pair of his own pajamas. He also brought me pencils and paper, for which I had little use but which I 30 he would have been lost without, and a great many books, half of which were in languages I couldn't read and the other half of which might as well have been. One night — head aching from Hegel — I asked him to bring me a magazine. He 31 rather startled, and when he came back it was with a trade journal (Pharmacology) he had found in the lounge. We talked 32 at all. Most of the time he read, with a concentration that astonished me; six hours at a stretch, scarcely glancing up. He 33 me almost no attention.

But he was with me on the bad nights, when I had a hard time breathing and my lungs hurt so I couldn't sleep.

Once, when the nurse on duty was three hours late with my medicine, he followed her into the hall and there delivered a tense and eloquent reprimand. After that the nurse was much gentler in her handling of me. The emergency room doctor 34 me that Mark had saved my life. This was a dramatic and gratifying thing to hear — and the one which I 35 to a number of people — but secretly I thought it was an exaggeration. In subsequent years, 36 , I've come to feel that he might well have been right.

30. 1) submit 2) supply 3) suppose 4) suggest 31. 1) looked 2) saw 3) viewed 4) watched 32. 1) rarely 2) nearly 3) merely 4) hardly 33. 1) paid 2) put 3) kept 4) held 34. 1) said 2) told 3) talked 4) spoke 35. 1) reviewed 2) repeated 3) recited 4) recalled 36. 1) although 2) otherwise 3) therefore 4) however

10. Письмо: личное письмо

Напишите письмо объёмом 100–140 слов, ответьте на три вопроса. Пишите ответ по правилам оформления письма. Не забудьте поблагодарить друга за полученное письмо и написать, что ждёте от него ответного письма.

From: Ed@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@ege.ru
Subject: Leisure time

...Gardening is my favourite pastime. What's your attitude to gardening? How do you like to spend your leisure time? What do your parents think about your hobbies? I've finally chosen pictures for the school photography contest...

11. Письмо: эссе 38.1

Напишите эссе объёмом 200–250 слов, опираясь на предложенный план. Используйте данные из таблицы.

Тема эссе:

Imagine that you are doing a project on how Zetland teenagers prefer to spend their free time. You have found some data on the subject — the results of a survey conducted among Zetland teenagers (see the table below). Comment on the survey data and give your opinion on the subject of the project.


Данные:
Вариант%
Going for a walk with friends45%
Going to the cinema22%
Shopping in a mall15%
Eating out in a cafe13%
Visiting music festivals5%

План:
  • • - make an opening statement on the subject of the project
  • • - select and report 2-3 facts
  • • - make 1-2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments
  • • - outline a problem that can arise with ways of spending free time and suggest a way of solving it
  • • - conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the best way of spending free time.

12. Письмо: эссе 38.2

Напишите эссе объёмом 200–250 слов, опираясь на предложенный план. Используйте данные из диаграммы.

Диаграмма
Тема эссе:

Imagine that you are doing a project on what Zetland teenagers use social networks for. You have found some data on the subject - the results of a survey conducted among Zetland teenagers (see the pie chart above). Comment on the survey data and give your opinion on the subject of the project.


План:
  • • - make an opening statement on the subject of the project
  • • - select and report 2-3 facts
  • • - make 1-2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments
  • • - outline a problem that can arise with using social networks and suggest a way of solving it
  • • - conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the role of social networks in our lives.